Discussion concept

 " Light is born from discussion " and debate is precisely the technique that allows two or more people to expose their well-founded arguments on one or more controversial issues, listening to each other, so that they themselves and the audience can clarify their own ideas by regard.

For there to be debate, it must be a questionable issue with the possibility of several approaches or interpretations. Two people or two groups of people can debate.

Discussion

The debates can be private, that is, carried out in areas that do not transcend the knowledge of more people than that of the interested parties themselves; or public, when they are done in areas with a large influx of people or when they are debated in front of the television cameras . In public debates, there must be the presence of a moderator, who prepares questionable questions, who balances exposure timesof each party, and intervene by pacifying, when the debate becomes too aggressive, trying to ensure that the objective is never lost sight of. The moderator should never participate in the debate, but lead, guide and stimulate it, being able to clarify confusions or contradictions but without giving his own points of view. A secretary must also be appointed to take note of the proceedings, and at the end of the debate try to reach the conclusions reached.

The key to the debate is in the argumentation . The more reasons given to support a position, the more credible it will be.

People who participate in a public debate must be knowledgeable or rather experts on the subject in question, and it is convenient that they prepare their presentation, imagining the questions of their interlocutor, to anticipate the answers.

Whoever wins a debate is the one who best argued their position, did not raise their voice to defend them, listened patiently to the opposing opinions, rebutting them one by one at the right time, did not mock but rather showed respect for different opinions, and spoke in simple but but educated, understandable, paused and in a brief and concise way.

For there to be a debate, the possibility of being able to freely express thoughts is needed, which is an essential requirement for a society to be described as democratic.

Although in a debate there is a confrontation of ideas, this word alludes more to irreconcilable positions, to fighting to win, while the debate tries to make everyone listen to each other, rethink their positions and reach the best solution or position together, or at least, that they rethink their own based on what has been exposed by others.

duty concept

From the Latin "dehibere", composed of "de" which indicates lack or deprivation and "habere" to have; duty indicates something that we have in our power but does not correspond to us, and that is why we have to repay it. Therefore, duty is the other side of the law and its closest ally, since to have certain rights we must fulfill as many duties (if we want to earn a salary, we must work, if we want to pass an exam we must study).

Duty is something to which we are obliged, either because it is imposed by a legal, moral, religious norm, or custom. If we do not comply with our legal duties, we will be coercively sanctioned with fines or imprisonment; If we do not comply with our moral duties, it will be our conscience , through remorse , that is in charge of judging us, if it is a matter of breaking religious norms, we will be punished by God.

Duty

Duty directs our will towards the right thing, dominating the instincts; for example: "I want to go for a walk on this beautiful sunny day, but I have to go to work to support my family."

All people must fulfill duties; children homework, respect their parents, do small tasks of domestic collaboration ; adults comply with traffic regulations, pay taxes, work, and so on.

Religious books, such as the Bible, impose duties, such as the Ten Commandments, which generally coincide with moral duties and those established by human laws.

Civic duties are those that people possess as citizens of a democratic State, among which it is essential to vote in the elections for government positions. Arming oneself in defense of the homeland, in case of need, is also a duty imposed by States on their citizens.

For the philosopher Kant, acts performed out of duty are morally good. If moral duties have an absolute character (they apply at all times and places) he calls them categorical imperatives; if they are relative, to achieve an end, he calls them hypothetical imperatives. The latter are not moral mandates in a restrictive sense.

In Freudian psychoanalysis and within the structure of the psychic world, the internalization of the norms that duty imposes on us, imposed by parents, is what he calls the superego, which is what puts a brake on the drives determined by the id. , which seeks pleasure, becoming a control that is within the subject itself. It arises once the Oedipus complex is resolved.

In the Cinema, "Duty done" is an American film, which was released in 2017, directed by Jason Hall, who also wrote the script based on the novel by David Finkel. The original title is "Thank You for Your Service" and deals with the deep scars that war leaves on soldiers returning from the war against Iraq.

Decay concept

Decadence is called everything that suffers a fall, a deterioration, be it in its physical health if it is an animal or a person; and that in human beings it can also be mental or of values; or a deterioration in its appearance or structure if it is about things, or societies or civilizations. Example: “The old man is in decline with his physical strength and mental health ” or “Your wardrobe shows signs of decline” or “If the government continues to take wrong measures, his legitimacy will decline.” The decline can be reversed by improving its condition or, if it continues, ending the existence of that subject or object.

It is a pejorative concept , which applied at a social and evaluative level, alludes to the detriment of traditional values ​​with respect to morality, religion, family ties, solidarity , etc. For example: " Individualism is a sign of social decline", "Modern man is in decline with respect to his religious beliefs."

Decay

The concept of decadence is widely used in the historical field to refer to those periods that lead to the destruction of a political, economic, or social model, or to the end of an era. Thus one speaks of the decline of Egypt, which after a period of crisis fell into the hands of the Persians in the year 525, of the decline of monarchical absolutism as a political system that gave way to democratic and republican ideas, of the decline of Roman Empire that brought it to an end by not being able to resist the barbarian invasions, or the decadence of capitalism foreshadowed by Marx.